Annotation of communication problems is in its infancy and coding schemes tailored to the description of communication problems are very few.  However, aspects of communication problems are often reflected in coding schemes for other levels, e.g. dialogue acts.  Three of the four communication problems coding schemes presented in D1.1 [Klein et al. 1998] do not have a direct focus on communication problems.  Rather, they include phenomena that relate to the level in focus, e.g. coreference or dialogue acts, as well as to communication problems.  In fact many of the schemes in D1.1 do include one or more of these phenomena, which is a consequence of the cross-level nature of communication problems.  Some communication problems are caused by flawed grammar or vocabulary design (i.e., errors at the morpho-syntactic level).  Other problems may be due to misinterpretation or non-interpretation of coreference, and so on.

Among the existing schemes analysed only the Odense coding scheme is exclusively devoted to communication problems per se.  It has therefore been natural to take this scheme as the point of departure for the communication problems level.