Section: Appendix: Query Language Quick Reference

12. Appendix: Query Language Quick Reference

Reserved symbols

All the operators and built-in types which are listed below are reserved symbols. In particular, this means that the use of the following characters

 ! " # $ & ( ) * + , - . / : ; = > ? @ | { }

in edge labels, strings, constants, predicate or type names may cause problems. In these cases, a preceding operator \ will help. Example:

[word = "\,"]

Built-in types

The sample queries for the built-in types are meant to illustrate the context where a built-in type may occur. However, these queries are not really meaningful, since they are too general.

Symbol	Meaning	Sample query
`Constant`	constants	`[word = Constant]`
`String`	strings	`[word = String]`
`UserDefConstant`	user defined constants	`[pos=UserDefConstant]`
`FREC`	feature records	`[FREC]`
`NT`	feature records for nonterminals	`[NT]`
`T`	feature records for terminals	`[T]`

Constants

"

constant mark

[word = "Geld"]

Regular expressions for constants

`/`	regular expression mark	`[word = /Geld/]`
`.`	unspecified character	`[word = /sag./]`
`*`	unrestricted repetition	`[lemma = /spiel.*/]`
`+`	repetition with minimum 1	`[word = /.+[0-9A-Z]+.*/]`
`?`	optionality	`[word = /(Leben)s?/]`
`[ ]`	character set	`[word = /.+[0-9A-Z]+.*/]`
`^`	negated character sets	`[word = /[^0-9A-Z].*/]`
`( )`	grouping	`[word = /([lmnp][aeiou])+/]`
`\|`	disjunction	`[word = /[dD](as\|er)/]`
`\`	escape for reserved characters	`[word = /.\-./]`

Feature-value pairs

`=`	feature-value pair	`[pos = "NN"]`
`!=`	negated feature-value pair	`[pos != "NN"]`

Graph predicates

`root()`	root of a graph	`root(#n)`
`arity( , )` `arity( , , )`	arity of a node	`arity(#n,2)` `arity(#n,2,4)`
`tokenarity( , )` `tokenarity( , , )`	number of dominated leaves	`tokenarity(#n,5)` `tokenarity(#n,5,8)`
`continuous( )`	continuous leaves	`continuous(#n)`
`discontinuous( )`	discontinuous leaves	`discontinuous(#n)`

Dominance relation

`>L`	labelled direct dominance	`[cat="NP"] >NK [cat="NP"]` `[cat="NP"] >OA\-MOD [cat="NP"]`
`>`	direct dominance	`[cat="NP"] > [pos="NE"]`
`>*`	dominance	`[cat="NP"] >* [pos="NE"]`
`>$`	dominance, distance n	`[cat="NP"] >2 [pos="NE"]`
`>m,n`	dominance, distance m..n	`[cat="NP"] >2,3 [pos="NE"]`
`>@l`	left corner	`[cat="NP"] >@l [word="die"]`
`>@r`	right corner	`[cat="NP"] >@r [word="Jahr"]`
`$`	siblings	`[word="die"] $ [cat="NP"]`
`$.*`	siblings with precedence	`[word="etwas"] $.* [cat="NP"]`
`!>L`	neg. labelled direct dominance	`[cat="NP"] !>GR [cat="NP"]`
`!>`	neg. direct dominance	`[cat="NP"] !> [pos="NE"]`
`!>*`	neg. dominance	`[cat="NP"] !>* [pos="NE"]`
`!>n`	neg. dominance, distance n	`[cat="NP"] !>2 [pos="NE"]`
`!>m,n`	neg. dominance, distance m..n	`[cat="NP"] !>2,3 [pos="NE"]`
`!>@l`	neg. left corner	`[cat="NP"] !>@l [word="etwas"]`
`!>@r`	neg. right corner	`[cat="NP"] !>@r [word="etwas"]`
`!$`	neg. siblings	`[word="etwas"] !$ [cat="NP"]`
`>~L`	labelled secondary edge	`[cat="VP"] >~HD [cat="NP"]`
`>~`	secondary edge	`[cat="VP"] >~ [cat="NP"]`
`!>~L`	neg. labelled secondary edge	`[cat="VP"] !>~HD [cat="NP"]`
`!>~`	neg. secondary edge	`[cat="VP"] !>~ [cat="NP"]`

Precedence relation

`.`	direct precedence	`[word="die"] . [pos=noun]`
`.*`	precedence	`[word="die"] .* [pos="NN"]`
`.n`	precedence, distance n	`[word="die"] .2 [pos="NN"]`
`.m,n`	precedence, distance m..n	`[word="die"] .2,4 [pos="NN"]`
`!.`	neg. direct precedence	`[word="etwas"] !. [pos="NN"]`
`!.*`	neg. precedence	`[word="etwas"] !.* [pos="NN"]`
`!.n`	neg. precedence, distance n	`[word="etwas"] !.2 [pos="NN"]`
`!.m,n`	neg. precedence, distance m..n	`[word="etwas"] !.2,4 [pos="NN"]`

Variables

`[f=#v]`	variable for a feature value	`[pos=#x:("NN"\|"NE")] . [pos=#x]`
`[#x]`	variable for a feature description	`[#x:(pos="APPR")] .* [#x]`
`#n`	variable for a node identifier	`#n:[cat="NP"] & #n > [pos="ADJA"]) & #n > [pos="NN"]`

Boolean expressions

`( )`	bracketing	`[pos=(!("NN" \| "ART"))]`
`!`	negation (feature values)	`[pos=(!"NN")]`
	negation (feature constraints)	`[!(pos="NN")]`
`&`	conjunction (feature values)	`[pos=(!"NN" & !"NE")]`
	conjunction (feature constraints)	`[pos="NE" & word="Bonn"]`
	conjunction (graph descriptions)	`#n1>#n2 & #n3.#n2`
`\|`	disjunction (feature values)	`[pos=("NN" \| "NE")]`
	disjunction (feature constraints)	`[pos="NE" \| word="es"]`
	disjunction (graph descriptions)	`#n1>#n2 \| #n1>#n3`

Please note: Negation (!) must not have scope over variables.

Please note: A Boolean expression for a feature value must always be put into parentheses (e.g. pos=("NN"|"NE")).

Comments

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line comment

[pos="NE"].[pos="NE"] // 2-word proper nouns